The Influence of Social Media on Type 1 Diabetes Control in Iraq: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels and inflammation, posing a significant health threat in the 21st century. Social media platforms have emerged as valuable resources for disseminating health information, enhancing management practices, and improving glycemic control, especially through prolonged patient-physician contact.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Iraq to investigate the role of social media in achieving glycemic control among T1D patients. Participants were recruited through local health centres and social media platforms. Data were collected via structured questionnaires, including demographic information, diabetes management practices, and social media usage patterns. Glycemic control was assessed using HbA1c levels.
Results:  The mean age of the patients was 19.8 ± 9.9 years, with a slight female predominance. WhatsApp was the most commonly used social media platform (utilized by 279 patients), followed by Facebook (272 patients). Of the total cohort, 77% (286 patients) used social media in addition to private clinic visits, while 23% (85 patients) did not. A decrease in HbA1c levels was observed in 292 patients, with 250 achieving target levels. The majority of patients (226) had a physician-patient contact duration of over one year.
Conclusion: The findings of our study suggest that social media can support diabetes management as well as improve glycemic control. The accessibility of information and peer support on these platforms can enhance patient engagement and adherence to treatment protocols. Further research is recommended to explore the long-term impacts of social media use on patient adherence and diabetes outcomes.