Impacts of some plant extracts and how effectively they work against Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Review article
Main Article Content
Abstract
One way that pathogens develop resistance to pharmaceuticals is by forming biofilms, which are 3-D communities of bacteria. As a result, there is considerable interest in identifying new antibiofilm agents from nature that can be used to treat these infections. This review looked at a very common antibiotic-resistant bacterium (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) that is a major contributor to human disease because it produces large amounts of biofilm and is a huge contributor to antibiotic resistance in humans. Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces many virulence factors and has many virulence-associated genes that make it very troublesome for health care providers because the morbidity and mortality associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections are exceedingly high. Treatments focusing on the inhibition of virulence factors are generally more effective than antibiotics at reducing Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence. The primary goal of this review was to evaluate how ginger, coriander leaf, Gardenia, algae, Terminalia bellerica, and eucalyptus extracts affect quorum-sensing (QS)-associated virulence factors and biofilm formation in clinical isolates of antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Results indicated that the extracts significantly decreased the protease activity, pyocyanin production, and concentration of exotoxin A produced by the isolates. All clinical isolates exhibited substantially reduced swarming and swimming motility and produced far less biofilm.
Article Details
Issue
Section
How to Cite
References
1- Al-Mashhadani, T. A., Kadhum, F. M., Jawad, A. A., Ajeel, K. K., & Mohsen, A. H. (2025). Investigating the antibacterial activity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles against staphylococcus aureus isolates. Journal of Bioscience and Applied Research/Journal of Bioscience and Applied Research, 11(1), 270–280. https://doi.org/10.21608/jbaar.2025.419993
2- Al-Mijalli, S. H., Hachlafi, N. E., Khalil, Z., Laaboudi, W., Abdallah, E. M., Alshabrmi, F. M., Mohamed, N. H., Al-Farga, A., & Mrabti, H. N. (2025). Unlocking the Antibacterial Potential of Eucalyptus citriodora Hook: Essential Oil on Some Bacterial Pathogens with a Focus on Antiadhesive, Antibiofilm, and Mechanisms of Action Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease. https://doi.org/10.1177/15353141251405079
3- Alotaibi, B., Negm, W. A., Elekhnawy, E., El-Masry, T. A., Elharty, M. E., Saleh, A., Abdelkader, D. H., & Mokhtar, F. A. (2022). Antibacterial activity of nano zinc oxide green-synthesised from Gardenia thailandica triveng. Leaves against Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates: in vitro and in vivo study. Artificial Cells Nanomedicine and Biotechnology, 50(1), 96–106. https://doi.org/10.1080/21691401.2022.2056191
4- Bektaş, S., Özdal, M., & Gürkök, S. (2023). Antibiofilm activities and in vitro susceptibility testing of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) essential oil (EO) against fish pathogen Pseudomonas species. The Trout Journal of Atatürk University, 1(1), 8-14.
5- El-Sapagh, S., El-Shenody, R., Pereira, L., & Elshobary, M. (2023). Unveiling the Potential of Algal Extracts as Promising Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Agents against Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa: In Vitro and In Silico Studies including Molecular Docking. Plants, 12(18), 3324. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12183324
6- Ersi̇N, E., & Şenkal, B. C. (2023). Impacts of essential oil and extracts obtained from coriander cultivars (Coriandrum sativum L.) on some important pathogenic bacteria. Current Perspectives on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CUPMAP). https://doi.org/10.38093/cupmap.1281520
7- Fraenkel, C., Starlander, G., Tano, E., Sütterlin, S., & Melhus, Å. (2023). The First Swedish Outbreak with VIM-2-Producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Occurring between 2006 and 2007, Was Probably Due to Contaminated Hospital Sinks. Microorganisms, 11(4), 974. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11040974
8- González-Burgos, E., Liaudanskas, M., Viškelis, J., Žvikas, V., Janulis, V., & Gómez-Serranillos, M. P. (2018). Antioxidant activity, neuroprotective properties, and bioactive constituents analysis of varying polarity extracts from Eucalyptus globulus leaves. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 26(4), 1293–1302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfda.2018.05.010
9- Habh, A. M., Twaij, B. M., & Al-Oqaili, R. M. S. EFFECT OF COLD AND HOT ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF CORIANDRUM SATIVUM L SEEDS AGAINST PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA AND STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS.
10- Hansen, K. H., Golcuk, M., Byeon, C. H., Tunc, A., Plechinger, E. B., Dueholm, M. K. D., Conway, J. F., Andreasen, M., Gur, M., & Akbey, Ü. (2025). Structural basis of Pseudomonas biofilm-forming functional amyloid FapC formation. Science Advances, 11(39), eadx7829. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adx7829
11- Hemida, K. A., Khalid, S., Abdelatif, A. M., & Reyad, A. M. (2024). A study of phytochemical screening and antibacterial effect of some methanolic plant extracts on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Fayoum Journal of Agricultural Research and Development /Fayoum Journal of Agricultural Research and Development, 38(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.21608/fjard.2024.342076
12- Kim, H., & Park, H. (2013). Ginger Extract Inhibits Biofilm Formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14. PLoS ONE, 8(9), e76106. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0076106
13- Jawad, A. A., & Utba, N. M. (2023). ANTISEPTICS RESISTANCE GENES (QACA/B, SMR) DETECTION AND EXPRESSION IN STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS. IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 54(4), 1147–1154. https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v54i4.1808
14- Krell, T., & Matilla, M. A. (2024). Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Trends in microbiology, 32(2), 216-218.
15- Yameny, A. A Comprehensive Review on Nanoparticles: Definition, Preparation, Characterization, Types, and Medical Applications. Journal of Medical and Life Science, 2024; 6(4): 663-672. doi: 10.21608/jmals.2024.419629
16- Kumar, V., Kumari, P., Arora, V., Dixit, H., Singh, R., & Sharma, N. (2022). Antimicrobial and Antidiabetic activities of different parts of Terminalia bellerica fruits. Arabian Journal of Medicinal & Aromatic Plants, 8, 115-130.
17- Liu, X., Cai, J., Chen, H., Zhong, Q., Hou, Y., Chen, W., & Chen, W. (2020). Antibacterial activity and mechanism of linalool against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Microbial Pathogenesis, 141, 103980. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2020.103980
18- Miari, M., Rasheed, S. S., Ahmad, N. H., Itani, D., Fayad, A. A., & Matar, G. M. (2020). Natural products and polysorbates: Potential Inhibitors of biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 14(06), 580–588. https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.11834
19- Ng, W., Hing, C., Loo, C., Hoh, E., Loke, I., & Ee, K. (2023). Ginger-Enriched Honey Attenuates Antibiotic Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Quorum Sensing Virulence Factors and Biofilm Formation. Antibiotics, 12(7), 1123. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12071123
20- Omar, A., Barakat, M., Alzaghari, L. F., Abdulrazzaq, S. B., Hasen, E., Chellappan, D. K., & Al-Najjar, M. A. A. (2024). The effect of Jordanian essential oil from coriander seeds on antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunostimulatory activities using RAW 246.7 murine macrophages. PLoS ONE, 19(8), e0297250. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0297250
21- Rima, M., Trognon, J., Latapie, L., Chbani, A., Roques, C., & Garah, F. E. (2022b). Seaweed Extracts: A Promising Source of Antibiofilm Agents with Distinct Mechanisms of Action against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Marine Drugs, 20(2), 92. https://doi.org/10.3390/md20020092